United States v. Pantohan’s Empirical Analysis
602 F.2d 855 · 1979
Citation profile
23 federal appellate · 1 district · 17 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 47 later decisions — most recently January 2017 · most notably United States v. Leon Guerrero (1988), United States v. Flaherty (1981)
23 federal appellate · 1 district · 17 state decisions — followed in 11 states
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 26 U.S.C. § 5861 (§ 201 of the Gun Control Act of 1968) · 28 U.S.C. § 636
Relies on Miranda v. State of Arizona Vignera · United States v. Freed · Finch v. Connor · Teamsters Local Union 657 v. Rodriguez · United States v. Robertson
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 47 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“[t]he trial court must apply a two-tiered analysis and determine, first, whether the accused exhibited an actual subjective expectation to negotiate a plea at the time of the discussion, and, second, whether the accused’s expectation was reasonable given the totality of the objective circumstances.”
9 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority““Pantohan apparently felt that cooperating with the ATF agents was ‘the only way out.’ However, he knew that he was not under arrest at the time of the statements, there was no ‘promise’ other than to tell the United States Attorney of the cooperation, and there was no plea offer[,] no plea bargaining. Since the statements were not made during plea negotiations, they do not require suppression.” Pantohan, 602 F.2d at 857 .”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.