Espinoza v. State’s Empirical Analysis

Citation profile

6 state decisions

Most-quoted passages

The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 6 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.

1. ““... in order to show that an equal protection violation has occurred in the context of grand jury selection, the defendant must show that the procedure employed resulted in substantial under-representation of his race or of the identifiable group to which he belongs.””

   2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the dissent
   e.g. Bird v. State · Evans v. State

2. ““If the class to which a defendant belongs is fully represented on the indicting grand jury the defendant suffers no injury and exclusion of members of the class from earlier grand juries is irrelevant to his case. Only if the defendant’s class is substantially underrepresented on the indicting grand jury does the makeup of prior grand juries become relevant to explain whether this underrepre-sentation on the indicting grand jury is a statistical accident or the result of purposeful discrimination.””

   1 later decision quote this exact passage
   e.g. Bird v. State