United States v. Lamas’s Empirical Analysis
608 F.2d 547 · 1979
Citation profile
46 federal appellate · 1 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 57 later decisions — most recently January 2019 · most notably United States v. Williams (1980), United States v. Chavez-Villarreal (1993)
46 federal appellate · 1 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 8 U.S.C. § 1324 (§ 274 of the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952 (McCarran-Walter))
Relies on Terry v. Ohio · Mapp v. Ohio · Adams v. Williams · United States v. Brignoni-Ponce · Weeks v. United States
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 57 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“In a number of recent decisions, this Court has stated that a vital, element of the Brignoni-Ponce test is whether the agent had “reason to believe that the vehicle had come from the border.” United States v. Ballard, 600 F.2d 1115 , 1119 (5th Cir. 1979); United States v. Rivera, 595 F.2d 1095 , 1098 n.4 (5th Cir. 1979); United States v. Lopez, 564 F.2d 710 , 712 (5th Cir. 1977); United States v. Escamilla, 560 F.2d 1229 , 1231 (5th Cir. 1977); United States v. Woodward, 531 F.2d 741 , 743 (5th Cir. 1976); United States v. Martinez, 526 F.2d 954 , 955 (5th Cir. 1976); United States v. Del Bosque, 523 F.2d 1251 , 1252 (5th Cir. 1975) (per curiam). We have found this element of the Brignoni-Ponce test missing where the stop occurred a substantial distance from the border. See United States v. Lopez, 564 F.2d 710 , 712 (5th Cir. 1977) (55 miles from border); United States v. Escamilla, 560 F.2d 1229 , 1230 (5th Cir. 1977) (70 miles from border); United States v. Martinez, 526 F.2d 954 , 955 (5th Cir. 1976) (50 miles from border); United States v. Del Bosque, 523 F.2d 1251 , 1252 (5th Cir. 1975) (per curiam) (60 miles from border).”
4 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“In all situations, the officer is entitled to assess the facts in light of his experience in detecting illegal entry and smuggling.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“We have little difficulty in accepting as a fact that [the agent] honestly believed the car to be carrying illegal aliens. Indeed the conviction of the appellant on four counts of violating 8 U.S.C. § 1324 (a)(2) is evidence of the absolute correctness of his belief. If the reasonableness of a stop depended on the border patrol agent’s subjective beliefs our inquiry would end here. The Fourth Amendment, however, requires us to test this stop in a different manner.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.