608 So. 2d 917 - Richards v. State’s Empirical Analysis
1992
Citation profile
7
cited by 7 later decisions
2
states following
December 1996
most recently cited
7 state decisions
Relationships
Relies on Rav v. City of St Paul Minnesota · Miami Herald Publishing Co. v. Tornillo · Albemarle Paper Co. v. Moody · Brock v. Hardie · Locklin v. Pridgeon
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 7 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“775.085 Evidencing prejudice while committing offense; enhanced penalties. (1) The penalty for any felony or misdemeanor shall be reclassified as provided in this subsection if the commission of such felony or misdemeanor evidences prejudice based on the race, color, ancestry, ethnicity, religion, or national origin of the victim: (a) A misdemeanor of the second degree shall be punishable as if it were a misdemeanor of the first degree. (b) A misdemeanor of the first degree shall be punishable as if it were a felony of the third degree. (c) A felony of the third degree shall be punishable as if it were a felony of the second degree. (d) A felony of the second degree shall be punishable as if it were a felony of the first degree.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage“"Moreover, the defendant attempted to defend the case below by contending that he lacked any `intent' to be `prejudice[d]' against the complainants, and that the racial and national origin epithets, if uttered by the defendant [which, in fact, he denied], were unconsciously blurted out in the heat of passion during a highly emotional altercation. The trial judge, however, refused, upon defense request, to instruct the jury that a `prejudicial intent' was required in order for the state to prove the punishment enhancement allegations of the information; nor would she allow counsel to make such an argument to the jury."”
1 later decision quote this exact passage“I am tired of you [f- - -ing] niggers being down here. Got a job? Boat people. ... You niggers down here playing music and keeping me up); Dobbins v. State, 605 So. 2d 922, 925 (Fla. App. 1992) (group of”
1 later decision quote this exact passage
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.