United States v. Irwin’s Empirical Analysis
612 F.2d 1182 · 1980
Citation profile
69 federal appellate · 10 district · 13 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 119 later decisions (1 by the Supreme Court) — most recently December 2024 · most notably United States v. Rewald (1989), United States v. Howell (2000)
69 federal appellate · 10 district · 13 state decisions — followed in 10 states
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Santobello v. New York · Massiah v. United States · Hoffa v. United States · Weatherford v. Bursey · United States v. Park
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 119 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“[M]ere government intrusion into the attorney-client relationship, although not condoned by the court, is not of itself violative of the Sixth Amendment right to counsel. Rather, the right is only violated when the intrusion substantially prejudices the defendant. Prejudice can manifest itself in several ways. It results when evidence gained through the interference is used against the defendant at trial. It also can result from the prosecution's use of confidential information pertaining to the defense plans and strategy, from government influence which destroys the defendant's confidence in his attorney, and from other actions designed to give the prosecution an unfair advantage at trial.”
6 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“that he had entered into a postarrest dispositional agreement with [DEA] agent Wisdom to act as an undercover informant ... in exchange for a dismissal of the charges in this case.... The Government recognizes the enforceability of bargains of this nature ...”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“government interference with a defendant's relationship with his attorney [before indictment ] may render counsel's assistance so ineffective as to violate his Sixth Amendment right to counsel.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.