Halderman v. Pennhurst State School & Hospital’s Empirical Analysis
612 F.2d 84 · 1979
Citation profile
61 federal appellate · 13 district · 10 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 162 later decisions (6 by the Supreme Court) — most recently June 2023 · most notably Pennhurst State School and Hospital v. Halderman (1984), Pennhurst State School and Hospital v. Halderman (1981)
61 federal appellate · 13 district · 10 state decisions — followed in 10 states
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Appellate journey
Relationships
Relies on Bell v. Wolfish · Edelman v. Jordan · Cort v. Ash · Shapiro v. Thompson · Cannon v. University of Chicago
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 162 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“because of advanced age, profound degree of retardation, special needs or for some other reason,”
5 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the concurrence“with the power and duty to plan, organize, direct, supervise and monitor the implementation of this and any further Orders of this Court.”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the concurrence“[m]asters are peculiarly appropriate in the implementation of complex equitable decrees which require ongoing judicial supervision”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the concurrence
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.