Fisher v. Procter & Gamble Manufacturing Co.’s Empirical Analysis
613 F.2d 527 · 1980
Citation profile
70 federal appellate · 2 district · 3 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 119 later decisions (1 by the Supreme Court) — most recently October 2023 · most notably Jackson v. Seaboard Coast Line Railroad (1982), Paxton v. Union National Bank (1982)
70 federal appellate · 2 district · 3 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on International Brotherhood of Teamsters v. United States · Griggs v. Duke Power Co. · Albemarle Paper Co. v. Moody · Washington v. Davis · Christiansburg Garment Co. v. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 119 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“Instead, 'purposeful discrimination in connection with the establishment or continuation of a seniority system is integral to a determination that the system is or is not bona fide.'”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majoritye.g. Hameed v. International Ass'n of Bridge, Structural & Ornamental Iron Workers, Local Union No. 396 · 24 Fair empl.prac.cas. 352, 24 Empl. Prac. Dec. P 31,392 Walee Abdul Hameed Lonnie Vanderson George Coe Willie M. Nichols Johnnie J. Brown Hiawatha Davis Willie West v. International Association of Bridge, Structural and Ornamental Iron Workers, Local Union No. 396 and Ironworkers Joint Apprenticeship Committee of St. Louis, Missouri, National Iron Workers and Employer Training Program, Walee Abdul Hameed Lonnie Vanderson George Coe Willie M. Nichols Johnnie J. Brown Hiawatha Davis Willie West v. International Association of Bridge, Structural and Ornamental Iron Workers, Local Union No. 396, Ironworkers Joint Apprenticeship Committee of St. Louis, Missouri, National Iron Workers and Employer Training Program“Since Teamsters and Evans, however, we have recognized that an otherwise bona fide seniority system 'is not itself illegal merely because it perpetuates the effects of pre-Act or post-Act discrimination.'”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majoritye.g. 24 Fair empl.prac.cas. 352, 24 Empl. Prac. Dec. P 31,392 Walee Abdul Hameed Lonnie Vanderson George Coe Willie M. Nichols Johnnie J. Brown Hiawatha Davis Willie West v. International Association of Bridge, Structural and Ornamental Iron Workers, Local Union No. 396 and Ironworkers Joint Apprenticeship Committee of St. Louis, Missouri, National Iron Workers and Employer Training Program, Walee Abdul Hameed Lonnie Vanderson George Coe Willie M. Nichols Johnnie J. Brown Hiawatha Davis Willie West v. International Association of Bridge, Structural and Ornamental Iron Workers, Local Union No. 396, Ironworkers Joint Apprenticeship Committee of St. Louis, Missouri, National Iron Workers and Employer Training Program · Hameed“Neither [United Air Lines, Inc. v.] Evans [ 431 U.S. 553 , 97 S.Ct. 1885 , 52 L.Ed.2d 571 (1977)] nor [.International Brotherhood of] Teamsters [v. U.S., 431 U.S. 324 , 97 S.Ct. 1843 , 52 L.Ed.2d 396 (1977)] foreclose consideration of prior discrimination in all circumstances. They hold only that prior discrimination, by itself, cannot make the operation of an otherwise bona fide seniority system unlawful. They do not hold, as the Company suggests that a continuing violation can never constitute an actual wrong; only that the mere perpetuation of the effects of pre-Act or time barred discrimination does not constitute a present violation.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.