Gardner v. Kerly’s Empirical Analysis
1981
Citation profile
2 federal appellate · 4 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 6 later decisions — most recently July 2000
2 federal appellate · 4 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Courtesy Pontiac, Inc. v. Ragsdale · Tennessee Gas Transmission Company v. Moorhead
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 6 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“it is not necessary to prove affirmative malice or ill will to support an award of exemplary damages. Malice may be implied from a wrongful act which is intentional and done without just cause or excuse. Malice may be inferred from a wrongful act done intentionally in violation of [a party’s] rights.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.