Whiting v. Jackson State University’s Empirical Analysis
616 F.2d 116 · 1980
Citation profile
193 federal appellate · 7 district · 3 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 319 later decisions (2 by the Supreme Court) — most recently June 2023 · most notably City of Newport v. Fact Concerts, Inc. (1981), Nix v. WLCY Radio/Rahall Communications (1984)
193 federal appellate · 7 district · 3 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on McDonnell Douglas Corp. v. Green · Mt. Healthy City School District Board of Education v. Doyle · Edelman v. Jordan · Perry v. Sindermann · Village of Arlington Heights v. Metropolitan Housing Development Corp.
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 319 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“unless the error is so fundamental as to result in a miscarriage of justice”
6 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“No chameleon-like change in the nature of the relief is experienced simply because it is sought under sister provisions in the federal statutes.”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majoritye.g. 52 Fair empl.prac.cas. 1001, 53 Empl. Prac. Dec. P 39,797 N.A.A.C.P., Detroit Branch the Guardians, Inc. Brady Bruenton Cynthia Martin Hilton Napoleon Sharron Randolph Betty T. Rolland Grant Battle Cynthia Cheatom Evin Fobbs John H. Hawkins Helen Poelnitz, on Behalf of Themselves and All Others Similarly Situated v. Detroit Police Officers Association (Dpoa) David Watroba, President City of Detroit Coleman A. Young, Mayor Detroit Police Dept., Board of Police Commissioners William Hart, Chief William Milliken, Governor the Michigan Employment Relations Commission · Naacp Detroit Branch v. Detroit Police Officers Association a“such intent should be inferred in the same manner as [the Supreme Court] said it is inferred under [42 U.S.C. Sec. 2000e-5].”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majoritye.g. 67 Fair empl.prac.cas. (Bna) 844, 67 Empl. Prac. Dec. P 43,802 Kara Cross Debra York, Martha O'Quinn Melissa Weltin Mary Stalnacher Secunda Davis Carolyn Thacker, Plaintiffs-Intervenors-Appellees v. State of Alabama, State Department of Mental Health & Mental Retardation J. Michael Horsley, Individually and as Associate Commissioner for the State Department of Mental Health & Mental Retardation R. Emmett Poundstone, Iii, Individually and as Associate Commissioner for the State Department of Mental Health & Mental Retardation Larry Stricklin, Individually and as Facility Director of the Taylor Hardin Secure Medical Facility · Downing v. Board of Trustees of the University of Alabama
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.