Hays v. State’s Empirical Analysis
1980
Citation profile
4 federal appellate · 60 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 66 later decisions — most recently July 2007 · most notably Cartwright v. Maynard (1987), Walker v. State (1986)
4 federal appellate · 60 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on United States v. Wade · Neil v. Biggers · Stovall v. Denno · Gregg v. Georgia · Kirby v. Illinois
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 66 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“Improper suggestiveness in a confrontation does not conclusively indicate ... that the subsequent in-court identification was unreliable, thereby requiring exclusion of the testimony at trial. McDaniel v. State, Okl.Cr., 576 P.2d 307 (1978). The question to be asked is whether, under the totality of the circumstances, the identification was reliable even though the confrontation procedure was suggestive. Neil v. Biggers, 409 U.S. 188 , 93 S.Ct. 375 , 34 L.Ed.2d 401 (1972).”
2 later decisions quote this exact passagee.g. Oman v. State · State v. Gurule“... unless a prosecutor's comments are of such a nature that a jury would naturally and necessarily construe them to be directed to the failure of the defendant to testify, they are not prejudicial. Id. at 230 .”
2 later decisions quote this exact passagee.g. Smith v. State · Jackson v. State“when no evidence has been offered by the defense on a particular issue, it may be fairly said that the evidence is `undisputed,' `uncontradicted,' or `unrefuted.'”
1 later decision quote this exact passagee.g. Pickens v. State
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.