United States v. Murray’s Empirical Analysis
618 F.2d 892 · 1980
Citation profile
140 federal appellate · 7 district · 26 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 239 later decisions — most recently April 2025 · most notably United States v. Sanchez-Lopez (1989), United States v. Nersesian (1987)
140 federal appellate · 7 district · 26 state decisions — followed in 13 states
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 18 U.S.C. § 1014 · 18 U.S.C. § 371 · 21 U.S.C. § 801 (§ 101 of the Controlled Substances Act) · 21 U.S.C. § 822 (§ 302 of the Controlled Substances Act) · 21 U.S.C. § 841 (§ 401 of the Controlled Substances Act) · 21 U.S.C. § 846 (§ 406 of the Controlled Substances Act) · 21 U.S.C. § 885 (§ 515 of the Controlled Substances Act) · 21 U.S.C. § 957
Relies on California v. Green · Vermont Yankee Nuclear Power Corp. v. Natural Resources Defense Council, Inc. · American Tobacco Co. v. United States · Braverman v. United States · Sanabria v. United States
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 239 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“whether the jury found defendant guilty of only one crime and not the other, or guilty of both.”
5 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“'the qualitative nature of the act viewed in the context of the entire conspiracy ... in a particular case' [must] support[] beyond a reasonable doubt the inference 'that the individual is involved in a conspiracy.'”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“'[i]t is assumed that a general instruction on the requirement of unanimity suffices to instruct the jury that they must be unanimous on whatever specifications they find to be the predicate of the guilty verdict.'”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.