United States v. Roberts’s Empirical Analysis
619 F.2d 379 · 1980
Citation profile
91 federal appellate · 6 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 123 later decisions (1 by the Supreme Court) — most recently January 2023 · most notably Arizona v. Hicks (1987), United States v. Bermea (1994)
91 federal appellate · 6 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 18 U.S.C. § 1955 · 18 U.S.C. § 371 · 26 U.S.C. § 7203
Relies on Coolidge v. New Hampshire · Sedillo v. United States · Santoni v. United States · Babich v. United States · Lombard v. Marcera
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 123 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“affirmatively take[s] the issue of intent out of the case.”
7 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“are not required to ignore the significance of items in plain view even when the full import of the objects cannot be positively ascertained without some examination.”
4 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majoritye.g. Miles v. State · Arizona v. Hicks“If the defendant's intent is not contested, then the incremental probative value of the extrinsic offense is inconsequential when compared to its prejudice; therefore, in this circumstance the evidence is uniformly excluded.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.