People v. Prunty’s Empirical Analysis

Citation profile

138 state decisions

Most-quoted passages

The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 143 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.

1. ““If you find the defendant guilty of the crimes charged in Counts 1 through 9, you must then decide whether the People have proved the additional allegation that the defendant committed each of those crimes for the benefit of, at the direction of, or in association with a criminal street gang. “To prove this allegation, the People must prove that: “1. The defendant committed the crime for the benefit of, at the direction of, or in association with a criminal street gang; “AND “2. The defendant intended to assist, further, or promote criminal conduct by gang members. “A criminal street gang is any ongoing organization, association, or group of three or more persons, whether formal or informal: “1. That has a common name or common identifying sign or symbol; “2. That has, as one or more of its primary activities, the commission of Robbery or Attempted Robbery (Penal Code section 211), Assault with a Deadly Weapon or Force Likely to Cause Great Bodily Injury (Penal Code section 245), Attempted Murder (Penal Code section 664/187). “AND “3. Whose members, whether acting alone or together, engage in or have engaged in a pattern of criminal gang activity. “In order to qualify as a primary activity, the crime must be one of the group’s chief or principal activities rather than an occasional act committed by one or more persons who happen to be members of the group. “A pattern of criminal gang activity, as used here, means: “1. The commission of, or attempted commission of, or conspir”

   2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the concurrence
   e.g. 244 Cal. App. 4th 1349 - People v. Garcia · 220 Cal. Rptr. 3d 118 - People v. Resendez

2. “imposes various punishments on individuals who commit gang-related crimes-including a sentencing enhancement on those who commit felonies 'for the benefit of, at the direction of, or in association with any criminal street gang.' ( Pen. Code, § 186.22, subd. (b).)”

   1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the concurrence
   e.g. People v. Francis

3. “associational or organizational connection.”

   1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the concurrence
   e.g. 220 Cal. Rptr. 3d 118 - People v. Resendez