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62 W. Va. 154

State v. Johnson

West Virginia Supreme Court

Decided April 24, 1907

West Virginia Supreme Court · decided 1907-04-24

<p>1. Intoxicating Liqtjous — Sale Without License.</p> <p>If one person to whom is consigned O. O. D. whiskey carried by express, agrees, before he receives it, that if another will pay part of the money required to pay for the whiskey he shall have part of it proportionate to his money, and receives from that person money, and with it and his own money pays for the liquor, and receives it from the express agent, and then each takes and uses separate bottles of the whiskey in the presence of each other in the express office, the person to whom the liquor is consigned is not guilty of selling without license (p. 155.)</p> <p>2. Same — Indictment.</p> <p>The word “unlawfully” is not necessary in an indictment for selling liquor under Code, chapter 32, section 1. (p. 155.)</p>

Relies on 59 W. Va. 605 - Harvey Coal & Coke Co. v. Dillon · State v. Flanagan

Good law ✅— No negative treatment on recordhow we know

Reversed · Decided 1907-04-24

How this case has been cited

Cited by 3 later decisions — most recently April 1964

3 state decisions

101907191019201930194019501960decided

Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.

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Pofpenbarger, Judge,

¶1{dissenting:)

¶2Believing the parties to the contract of sale, in the first instance, were Stone and Johnson, and that there was a subsequent sale by Johnson to Midkiff and Adkins, and not merely one sale by Stone to Johnson, Midkiff and Adkins, I am constrained to dissent from the opinion and decision in this case. The whiskey was Stone’s. He consigned and shipped it to Johnson. Whether he knew Johnson is immaterial. He knew of him. In'some way he had ascertained that there was such a man and he offered to sell him the whiskey for two dollars. He made no offer to either Midkiff or Adkins. Hobody but Stone could have changed his offer of sale to Johnson, so as to make it an offer of sale to Johnson, Midkiff and Adkins. The offer was accepted without any modification and the whiskey delivered in execution of the contract of sale. Legally viewed, as it must be, this effectuated a sale from Stone to Johnson, notwithstanding the *157participation of Midkiff and Adkins in the transaction. These two strangers' obtained part of the whiskey, and, in legal contémplation, they obtained it from Johnson and not from Stone. The legal test as to what constitutes a sale governs. State v. Flanagan, 38 W. Va. 53; Morganstern v. Commonwealth, 21 Grat. 1018. The distinction between the legal and practical test in construing statutes, and especially revenue statutes, must be observed. Harvey Coal & Coke Co. v. Dillon, 59 W. Va. 605; State v. Graybeal, 55 S. E. 398. No doubt Johnson, Midkiff and Adkins, viewing the matter from the standpoint of laymen, thought they three jointly were purchasing from Stone,' but this was a legal impossibility, without the concurrence of Stone as the seller, and there is no evidence that he consented to the inclusion of Midkiff and Adkins as purchasers. Mere ignorance of the law on the part of Johnson, as to what constitutes a sale, could not excuse him, and his intention is immaterial, for the question on which the soundness of the decision turns in the construction of the statute. What he did brought him within the letter of the statute, and as the plain object of our statutes, regulating the liquor traffic, is to prevent all sales except those made by persons specially licensed therefor, to the end that the revenues of the state may be augmented by the license tax, and the ‘ right of sale limited to persons deemed suitable by the license court, when authorized, and entirely prohibited when the license court, in the exercise of its discretionary power, sees fit not to authorize any sales to be made, he was likewise within the spirit of the statute. To allow a consignment to one person in a community, to become a means of sale, in a practical sense, to several persons, will necessarily work a great inroad upon our system of law, ordained for the regulation of the liquor traffic, and open the door for wide and serious evasion thereof.

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