United States v. Webb’s Empirical Analysis
623 F.2d 758 · 1980
Citation profile
20 federal appellate · 1 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 40 later decisions — most recently October 2010 · most notably Walczyk v. Rio (2007), United States v. Manley (1980)
20 federal appellate · 1 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 21 U.S.C. § 952
Relies on Wong Sun v. United States · Carroll v. United States · Brinegar v. United States · Beck v. State of Ohio · Adams v. Williams
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 40 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“The essence of probable cause is a reasonable objective basis for belief in a suspect’s guilt, although not necessarily proof of guilt beyond a reasonable doubt. While the rule prohibiting law enforcement officers from making arrests without probable cause serves to protect the public from harassment or arbitrary police actions, the rule must also serve the concommitant interest of allowing the police to enforce the law without undue restraint____ As such, probable cause to arrest is not limited to those instances where the arresting officer has acquired evidence which would be sufficient to convict the suspect at trial____ Similarly, facts ostensibly sufficient to establish probable cause for an arrest are not negated simply because such facts also may be consistent with the suspect’s innocence. In short, while the rule of probable cause does impose a requirement on police to act with more than mere suspicion of wrongdoing, the rule also gives police a permit to act with less than absolute certainty of guilt. ‘In dealing with probable cause, we deal with probabilities.’”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.