United States v. Gray’s Empirical Analysis
63 F.3d 57 · 1995
Citation profile
15 federal appellate · 4 district · 2 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 29 later decisions — most recently January 2024 · most notably United States v. Miranda-Santiago (1996), United States v. Marrero-Rivera (1997)
15 federal appellate · 4 district · 2 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 18 U.S.C. § 2 · 21 U.S.C. § 841 (§ 401 of the Controlled Substances Act) · 21 U.S.C. § 846 (§ 406 of the Controlled Substances Act)
Relies on McCarthy v. United States · United States v. Cotal-Crespo · United States v. Medina-Silverio · United States v. Lopez-Pineda
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 29 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“1) absence of coercion; 2) the defendant's understanding of the charges; and 3) the defendant's knowledge of the consequences of the guilty plea.”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage“a reasonable person to misunderstand the consequences of his guilty plea . . . , thus implicating one of Rule 11's core concerns.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage“knowing, voluntary and intelligent within the meaning of Rule 11.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.