Baker v. Bell’s Empirical Analysis
630 F.2d 1046 · 1980
Citation profile
34 federal appellate · 3 district ·
How this case has been cited
Cited by 56 later decisions — most recently May 2025 · most notably Ochran v. United States (1997), Dopico v. Goldschmidt (1982)
34 federal appellate · 3 district ·
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 29 U.S.C. § 701 (Employment Opportunities for Individuals With Disabilities Act) · 29 U.S.C. § 706 · 29 U.S.C. § 794 · 42 U.S.C. § 1983 (Civil Rights Act of 1871 / Section 1983 (Ku Klux Klan Act)) · 42 U.S.C. § 1988 · 5 U.S.C. § 551 (Administrative Procedure Act of 1946) · 5 U.S.C. § 702 · 5 U.S.C. § 706
Relies on Citizens to Preserve Overton Park, Inc. v. Volpe · Village of Arlington Heights v. Metropolitan Housing Development Corp. · Singleton v. Wulff · Association of Data Processing Service Organizations, Inc. v. Camp · Cort v. Ash
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 56 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“(n)o otherwise qualified handicapped individual ... shall, solely by reason of his handicap, be excluded from the participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any program or activity receiving Federal financial assistance.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority“(1) the action must result in injury-in-fact to the plaintiffs, (2) the interest invaded must be arguably within the zone of interest to be protected by the statute, and (3) there must be no statutory prohibition of judicial review.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority“Generally this court will not reach the merits of an issue not considered by the district court.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.