Browder v. Tipton’s Empirical Analysis
630 F.2d 1149 · 1980
Citation profile
16 federal appellate · 3 district ·
How this case has been cited
Cited by 83 later decisions — most recently August 2022 · most notably Dunn v. State of Tennessee (1982), Haverstick Enterprises, Inc. v. Financial Federal Credit, Inc. (1994)
16 federal appellate · 3 district ·
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Griffin v. Breckenridge · Williamson v. Lee Optical of Oklahoma, Inc. · Craig v. Boren · United States v. Carolene Products Co. · Great American Federal Savings & Loan Ass'n v. Novotny
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 83 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“those individuals who join together as a class for the purpose of asserting certain fundamental rights.”
6 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“[n]ot only must the predicate violation be of a federally created right, but ‘there must be some racial, or perhaps otherwise class-based, invidiously discriminatory animus behind the conspirators’ action.’ ... Prior to Scott ..., the Sixth Circuit applied section 1985(3) to discrimination against 'discrete and insular minorities’ identified through traditional equal protection analysis under the fourteenth amendment.”
4 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“(1) a conspiracy involving two or more persons (2) for the purpose of depriving, directly or indirectly, a person or class of persons of the equal protection of the laws and (3) an act in furtherance of the conspiracy (4) which causes injury to a person or property, or a deprivation of any right or privilege of a citizen of the United States.”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.