Lieberman v. Gant’s Empirical Analysis
630 F.2d 60 · 1980
Citation profile
72 federal appellate · 28 district · 21 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 227 later decisions (2 by the Supreme Court) — most recently August 2023 · most notably Texas Department of Community Affairs v. Burdine (1981), Hishon v. King & Spalding (1984)
72 federal appellate · 28 district · 21 state decisions — followed in 12 states
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on McDonnell Douglas Corp. v. Green · International Brotherhood of Teamsters v. United States · Griggs v. Duke Power Co. · Furnco Construction Corp. v. Waters · Sweezy v. State of New Hampshire C Wyman
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 227 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“an important part of our long tradition of academic freedom.”
8 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“[C]ourts ... should not substitute their judgment for that of the college with respect to the qualifications of faculty members for promotion and tenure. Determinations about such matters as teaching ability, research scholarship, and professional stature are subjective, and unless they can be shown to have been used as the mechanism to obscure discrimination, they must be left for evaluation by the professionals, particularly since they often involve inquiry into aspects of arcane scholarship beyond the competence of individual judges.”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the concurrence“business judgment was so 'ridden with error that defendant could not honestly have relied upon it.'”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.