United States v. Iron Shell’s Empirical Analysis
633 F.2d 77 · 1980
Citation profile
108 federal appellate · 10 district · 158 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 329 later decisions — most recently March 2025 · most notably State v. Smith (1985), 64 Ohio St. 3d 401 - State v. Dever (1992)
108 federal appellate · 10 district · 158 state decisions — followed in 38 states
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 18 U.S.C. § 113 · 18 U.S.C. § 1152 · 18 U.S.C. § 1153 · 18 U.S.C. § 13 (Assimilative Crimes Act) · 18 U.S.C. § 2031 · 18 U.S.C. § 3242
Relies on Kotteakos v. United States · Ohio v. Roberts · California v. Green · Harrington v. California · Bolling v. Sharpe
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 329 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
““Statements made for purposes of medical diagnosis or treatment and describing medical history, or past or present symptoms, pain, or sensations, or the inception or general character of the cause or external source thereof insofar as reasonably pertinent to diagnosis or treatment.””
21 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“[t]he lapse of time between the startling event and the out-of-court statement although relevant is not dispositive in the application of rule 803(2).”
20 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“a fact reliable enough to serve as the basis for a diagnosis is also reliable enough to escape hearsay proscription.”
10 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majoritye.g. State v. Reidhead · Sluka v. State
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.