United States v. Espinal’s Empirical Analysis
634 F.3d 655 · 2011
Citation profile
7 federal appellate ·
Relationships
Applies 21 U.S.C. § 841 (§ 401 of the Controlled Substances Act) · 21 U.S.C. § 851 (§ 411 of the Controlled Substances Act) · 28 U.S.C. § 753
Relies on Apprendi v. New Jersey · Almendarez-Torres v. United States · United States v. Dominguez Benitez · 176 L. Ed. 2d 979 - United States v. O'Brien · United States v. Snype
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 19 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“When the government charges a defendant with a crime, the defendant has a constitutional right to stand mute, and the government is constitutionally required to prove the charge beyond a reasonable doubt-a burden of which it is relieved only if the defendant pleads guilty in a proceeding to which stringent protections are applied. See Fed. R. Crim. P. 11(b) (setting forth procedural requirements for guilty pleas).”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majoritye.g. United States v. Roe
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.