Wren v. Jones’s Empirical Analysis
635 F.2d 1277 · 1980
Citation profile
14 federal appellate · 2 district ·
Relationships
Applies 42 U.S.C. § 1983 (Civil Rights Act of 1871 / Section 1983 (Ku Klux Klan Act))
Relies on Board of Regents of State Colleges v. Roth · Mt. Healthy City School District Board of Education v. Doyle · Pickering v. Board of Education of Township High School District 205 Will County Illinois · Perry v. Sindermann · Elrod v. Burns
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 26 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“Initially the burden is on the plaintiff to show that his conduct was constitutionally protected and that his conduct was a substantial or motivating factor in the defendant's actions toward him. If you find that the plaintiff has met this burden, then the defendant has the burden to establish by a preponderance of the evidence that he would have reached the same decision as to the plaintiff's employment even in the absence of the protected conduct.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majoritye.g. Fisher v. Krajewski“[i]n view of the involuntary requirement that [certain] plaintiffs be reinstated, and of the fiscal exigencies, ... the State's interest in maintaining prudent control over the efficient use of their [sic] resources outweighs any minimal impact on the plaintiffs' right to political association.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majoritye.g. Bever v. Gilbertson
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.