Duffin v. Carlson’s Empirical Analysis
636 F.2d 709 · 1980
Citation profile
11 federal appellate · 10 district · 1 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 25 later decisions — most recently February 2017 · most notably Pratt v. Webster (1982), 32 Cal. 3d 440 - American Civil Liberties Union Foundation of Northern California, Inc. v. Deukmejian (1982)
11 federal appellate · 10 district · 1 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 5 U.S.C. § 552 (Freedom of Information Act) · 5 U.S.C. § 552A (§ 3 of the Privacy Act of 1974)
Relies on Securities and Exchange Commission v. Chenery Corporation · Oklahoma v. United States Civil Service Commission · National Automatic Laundry and Cleaning Council v. George P. Shultz, Secretary, U. S. Department of Labor · Wirtz v. Local Union No. 125 · Cox v. United States Department of Justice
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 25 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“The head of any agency may promulgate rules ... to exempt any system of records within the agency from (specified) subsections ... of this section.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the concurrence“(b) This section does not apply to matters that are— (7) investigatory records compiled for law enforcement purposes, but only to the extent that the production of such records would (A) interfere with enforcement proceedings, (B) deprive a person of a right to a fair trial or an impartial adjudication, (C) constitute an unwarranted invasion of personal privacy, (D) disclose the identity of a confidential source and, in the case of a record compiled by a criminal law enforcement authority in the course of a criminal investigation, or by an agency conducting a lawful national security intelligence investigation, confidential information furnished only by the confidential source, (E) disclose investigative techniques and procedures, or (F) endanger the life or physical safety of law enforcement personnel.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majoritye.g. Pratt v. Webster“Subsection (b)(7)(D) has two aspects. It protects from disclosure (1) the 'identity ' of a confidential source, and (2) confidential 'information' furnished only by a confidential source. The two clauses thus provide two separate exemptions, not one exemption protecting against the disclosure of the identity of confidential sources and another protecting confidential information only if the record also indicates the identity of the confidential source.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.