Crowley v. Smithsonian Institution’s Empirical Analysis
636 F.2d 738 · 1980
Citation profile
5 federal appellate · 3 district ·
How this case has been cited
Cited by 13 later decisions (1 by the Supreme Court) — most recently September 2018
5 federal appellate · 3 district ·
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 20 U.S.C. § 41 (National Museum Act of 1966) · 20 U.S.C. § 50 · 28 U.S.C. § 292
Relies on McGowan v. State of Maryland Gallagher · Meyer v. State of Nebraska · Wisconsin v. Yoder · Sherbert v. Verner · Red Lion Broadcasting Co. v. Federal Communications Commission
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 13 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“'happens to coincide or harmonize with the tenets of some or all religions.'”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“The fact that religions involve acceptance of some tenets on faith without scientific proof obviously does not mean that all beliefs and all theories which rest in whole or in part on faith are therefore elements of a religion as that term is used in the [F]irst [A]mendment.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority“We repeat and again reaffirm that neither a State nor the Federal Government can constitutionally force a person `to profess a belief or disbelief in any religion'”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.