Carter v. Jago’s Empirical Analysis
637 F.2d 449 · 1980
Citation profile
29 federal appellate · 4 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 46 later decisions (1 by the Supreme Court) — most recently May 2009 · most notably Engle v. Isaac (1982), Gall v. Parker (2000)
29 federal appellate · 4 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Jackson v. Virginia · In the Matter of Samuel Winship · Wainwright v. Sykes · Donnelly v. DeChristoforo · Sandstrom v. Montana
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 46 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“[t]he thrust of an inquiry under Mullaney and Patterson is whether the [legislature] has defined the elements of the crime so as to presume a fact essential to guilt and then compelled the accused to negate that element of the crime.”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“* * * While presumptions of an element [of a crime] are clearly unconstitutional, permissive inferences do not run afoul of the Constitution. * * *”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority““... once the facts constituting a crime are established beyond a reasonable doubt, based on all the evidence including the evidence of the defendant’s mental state, the State may refuse to sustain the affirmative defense of insanity unless demonstrated by a preponderance of the evidence.””
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majoritye.g. Nieb v. Jago
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.