Bletz v. Gribble’s Empirical Analysis

Citation profile

7 federal appellate ·

Most-quoted passages

The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 59 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.

1. ““The time-frame is a crucial aspect of excessive force cases. Other than random attacks, all such cases begin with the decision of a police officer to do something, to help, to arrest, to inquire. If the officer had decided to do nothing, then no force would have been used. In this sense, the police officer always causes the trouble. But it is trouble which the police officer is sworn to cause, which society pays him to cause and which, if kept within constitutional limits, society praises the officer for causing.””

   2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
   e.g. Steven Scozzari v. City of Clare · 904 F. Supp. 2d 785 - Eibel v. Melton

2. “A government employee “enjoys a right to immunity if (1) the employee undertook the challenged acts during the course of his employment and was acting, or reasonably believed that he was acting, within the scope of his authority; (2) the employee undertook the challenged acts in good faith or without malice; and (3) the acts were discretionary, rather than ministerial, in nature.””

   2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the concurrence
   e.g. Younes v. Pellerito · Buchanan v. Metz

3. “establishing that a governmental official's conduct amounted to 'gross negligence' is a prerequisite to avoiding that official's statutory governmental immunity.”

   2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the concurrence
   e.g. Brent v. Wayne Cnty. Dep't of Human Servs. · Hammond v. Lapeer County