United States v. Ayala’s Empirical Analysis
643 F.2d 244 · 1981
Citation profile
61 federal appellate · 7 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 74 later decisions — most recently November 2015 · most notably United States v. DeSimone (1981), United States v. Walker (1983)
61 federal appellate · 7 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 21 U.S.C. § 846 (§ 406 of the Controlled Substances Act)
Relies on Roviaro v. United States · Bifulco v. United States · Public Broadcasting Service v. Network Project · Cleveland v. United States · Easton v. United States
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 74 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“inferences from the conduct of the alleged participants or from circumstantial evidence of a scheme.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“We believe that no fixed rule with respect to disclosure is justifiable. The problem is one that calls for balancing the public interest in protecting the flow of information against the individual’s right to prepare his defense. Whether a proper balance renders nondisclosure erroneous must depend on the particular circumstances of each case, taking into consideration the crime charged, the possible defenses, the possible significance of the informer’s testimony, and other relevant factors.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority“that the testimony of the informer, who allegedly had a closer view of the jogger [who sold the drugs] than the agent, would be directly relevant to proving he was not the jogger and would cast doubt on the agent's identification;”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.