United States v. Lay’s Empirical Analysis
644 F.2d 1087 · 1981
Citation profile
42 federal appellate · 3 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 53 later decisions — most recently May 2017 · most notably United States v. Torres (1990), United States v. S. Sam Caldwell (1985)
42 federal appellate · 3 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 21 U.S.C. § 841 (§ 401 of the Controlled Substances Act) · 28 U.S.C. § 2111
Relies on Chapman v. State of California · Fahy v. Connecticut · Patterson v. United States · Dann v. Johnston · Dix v. Georgia
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 53 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“the trier of fact would have found the defendant guilty beyond a reasonable doubt with the additional evidence inserted.”
4 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“examine all of the other evidence to see 'whether the trier of fact would have reached the same result without the tainted evidence.'”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.