Solomon v. Smith’s Empirical Analysis
645 F.2d 1179 · 1981
Citation profile
26 federal appellate · 4 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 50 later decisions — most recently October 2009 · most notably United States v. Maldonado-Rivera (1990), United States v. Thai (1994)
26 federal appellate · 4 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Chapman v. State of California · United States v. Wade · Simmons v. United States · Neil v. Biggers · Stovall v. Denno
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 50 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“These factors are (1) the witness’s opportunity to observe the criminal at the time of the crime, (2) the degree of the witness’s attention at that time, (3) the accuracy of the witness’s initial description of the criminal, (4) the certainty with which the witness first identified the suspect, and (5) the time lapse between the crime and the identification.”
4 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“the opportunity of the witness to view the criminal at the time of the crime, the witness' degree of attention, the accuracy of his prior description of the criminal, the level of certainty demonstrated at the confrontation, and the time between the crime and the confrontation.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majoritye.g. Sales v. Harris“The tests of `independent origin' set forth in Wade appear to be functionally identical to the reliability tests articulated in Neil v. Biggers”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.