State v. Logan’s Empirical Analysis

Citation profile

13 state decisions

Most-quoted passages

The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 14 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.

1. “[[Image here]] (2) Either before or during the commission of an offense with the purpose of promoting the commission of an offense, he aids or agrees to aid or attempts to aid such other person in planning, committing or attempting to commit the offense.”

   2 later decisions quote this exact passage
   e.g. State v. Workes · State v. Neal

2. “Again, the Missouri criminal code requires both criminal responsibility for conduct and a culpable mental state for all offenses. “To be guilty of an offense the defendant must himself have the necessary culpable mental state for that offense, but his liability can be based upon the conduct of another person.” The New Missouri Criminal Code: Manual for Court Related Personnel § 7.8, supra. As to conduct, §§ 562.036 and 562.-041 state that the accomplice may be held responsible for “the conduct” of the principal if he purposefully promotes “an offense”, without limiting the scope of that conduct. Thus, if defendant Logan purposefully promoted the service station robbery, §§ 562.026 and 562.021 deem him responsible for all of the conduct that ensued thereafter. Here, the jury was properly instructed and found that defendant purposefully promoted the initial robbery, and no error resulted from finding him “criminally responsible” for the conduct of his companions. The code limits a defendant’s liability for such other conduct, however, with its ubiquitous requirement of a “culpable mental state.” §§ 562.016.1 and 562.036. For example, if defendant had purposely promoted only the service station rob bery, but one of the active participants proceeded to rape a female customer unbeknownst to defendant, defendant may be held “criminally responsible” for all of the participant’s conduct, including the rape, but would not be held liable for the rape unless he had “the required culpabl”

   1 later decision quote this exact passage
   e.g. State v. Blockton

3. “A person is responsible for his own conduct and he is responsible for the conduct of other persons in committing an offense if he acts with them for the purpose of committing that offense [or any other offense committed by the other persons in pursuance of the common purpose or as a natural and probable consequence thereof,] or if, for the purpose of committing that offense [or any other offense committed by the other persons in pursuance of the common purpose or as a natural and probable consequence thereof, ] he aids or encourages the other persons in committing it. As to Count II, if you find and believe from the evidence beyond a reasonable doubt: First, that on August 19, 1983, in the City St. Louis, Byron Jones attempted to kill or cause serious physical injury to Joseph Crawford by shooting him, then you are instructed that the offense of assault in the first degree had occurred, and if you further find and believe from the evidence beyond a reasonable doubt: Second, that with the purpose of promoting of [sic] furthering the commission of robbery in the first degree, the defendant acted together with or aided Byron Jones and Lavelle Nylon in committing that offense, [and the offense of assault in the first degree submitted to you in the foregoing paragraph was committed in the pursuance of the common purpose of robbery in the first degree as a natural and probable consequence thereof ] 2 then you will find the defendant guilty under Count II of assault in the first deg”

   1 later decision quote this exact passage
   e.g. State v. Evans