Bernstein v. Fernandez’s Empirical Analysis
1991
Citation profile
5 federal appellate · 18 district · 21 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 48 later decisions — most recently June 2019 · most notably Browning v. Clinton (2002), Butera v. District of Columbia (2001)
5 federal appellate · 18 district · 21 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Foman v. Davis · United States v. ITT Continental Baking Co. · Innkeepers of New Castle, Inc. v. Maley · Zanfardino v. United States · California Department of Human Resources Development v. Java
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 48 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“so outrageous in character, and so extreme in degree, as to go beyond all possible bounds of decency, and to be regarded as atrocious, and utterly intolerable in a civilized community,”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage“[a]n award of punitive damages cannot stand alone, unaccompanied by compensatory damages,”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage“`Punitive damages will not lie for breach of contract, even if it is proven that the breach was willful, wanton, or malicious.' The only exception to that rule recognized in the District of Columbia is that `where the alleged breach of contract merges with, and assumes the character of, a willful tort ... punitive damages [will] be available.'”
1 later decision quote this exact passage
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.