United States v. Lowell’s Empirical Analysis
649 F.2d 950 · 1981
Citation profile
56 federal appellate · 10 district · 2 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 87 later decisions — most recently December 2015 · most notably United States v. Perez (2002), United States v. Read (1981)
56 federal appellate · 10 district · 2 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 18 U.S.C. § 1510 · 18 U.S.C. § 1952 · 18 U.S.C. § 371
Relies on Chambers v. Mississippi · Pinkerton v. United States · Malloy v. Hogan · Hoffman v. United States · United States v. Di Re
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 87 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“[t]he burden is ... on the defendant to prove '(a)ffirmative acts inconsistent with the object of the conspiracy and communicated in a manner reasonably calculated to reach co-conspirators.'”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the concurrence“be necessary for Lowell to raise this issue, if at all, in an appropriate motion under Fed.R.Crim.P. 33, to be presented in the first instance to the district court.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the concurrence“denial of receipt of payment from [defendant], even if it were untrue, did not deprive his plea of guilty on the conspiracy charge of a `factual basis'”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the concurrence
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.