Ward v. Caulk’s Empirical Analysis
650 F.2d 1144 · 1981
Citation profile
42 federal appellate · 35 district · 23 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 152 later decisions — most recently January 2026 · most notably Baxter ex rel. Baxter v. Vigo County School Corp. (1994), Compton v. Ide (1984)
42 federal appellate · 35 district · 23 state decisions — followed in 11 states
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 42 U.S.C. § 1981 (Civil Rights Act of 1866) · 42 U.S.C. § 1983 (Civil Rights Act of 1871 / Section 1983 (Ku Klux Klan Act)) · 42 U.S.C. § 2000E (§ 706 of the Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964)
Relies on Monell v. Department of Social Services of City of New York · Bivens v. Six Unknown Named Agents of Federal Bureau of Narcotics · Delaware State College v. Ricks · Carlson v. Green · In re Kauffman Mutual Fund Actions
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 152 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“[a] continuing violation is occasioned by continual unlawful acts, not by continual ill effects from an original violation.”
13 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“relevant statute of limitations for federally created causes of action which do not provide their own filing periods is that of the state most connected with the action.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.