Passman v. Blackburn’s Empirical Analysis
652 F.2d 559 · 1981
Citation profile
50 federal appellate · 10 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 89 later decisions — most recently January 2019 · most notably United States v. Stevens (1991), William Duane Elledge v. Richard L. Dugger (1987)
50 federal appellate · 10 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 28 U.S.C. § 2254 (Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996)
Relies on Terry v. Ohio · Wong Sun v. United States · United States v. Wade · Carroll v. United States · Simmons v. United States
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 89 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“by means sufficiently distinguishable to be purged of the primary taint.”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“the opportunity of the witness to view the criminal at the time of the crime, the witness’ degree of attention, the accuracy of [the witness’] prior description of the criminal, the level of certainty demonstrated [by the witness] at the confrontation, and the time between the crime and the confrontation. Against these factors is to be weighed the corrupting effect of the suggestive identification itself.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“Its bar only extends from the 'tree' to the 'fruit' if the fruit is sufficiently connected to the illegal tree.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.