Runnels v. Hess’s Empirical Analysis
653 F.2d 1359 · 1981
Citation profile
29 federal appellate · 2 district · 5 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 46 later decisions — most recently February 2019 · most notably United States v. Monaghan (1984), United States Caruso v. Zelinsky (1982)
29 federal appellate · 2 district · 5 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Wainwright v. Sykes · Griffin v. California · Fay v. Noia · Ohio Bureau of Employment Services v. Hodory · Donnelly v. DeChristoforo
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 46 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“manifestly intended or was of such character that the jury would naturally and necessarily take it to be a comment on the failure of the accused to testify.”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“Proof of cause for noncompliance is essential; mere speculation that it existed is not enough.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majoritye.g. Long v. McKeen“distinguished between prosecutorial statements implying guilt or challenging credibility,”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.