Ward v. Connor’s Empirical Analysis
657 F.2d 45 · 1981
Citation profile
15 federal appellate · 12 district · 3 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 57 later decisions — most recently February 2016 · most notably 46 Cal. 3d 1092 - Leal v. Holy Spirit Ass'n for Unification of World Christianity (1988), Hobson v. Wilson (1984)
15 federal appellate · 12 district · 3 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Griffin v. Breckenridge · Jones v. Nor-Tex Agencies, Inc. · Collins v. Hardyman · Marlowe v. Fisher Body · Action, Percy Green v. Rowland E. Gannon
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 57 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“some racial, or perhaps otherwise class-based, invidiously discriminatory animus behind the conspirators' action.”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“conspiracy was formed against [a] man ... because he was a Catholic, or because he was a Methodist ... then this section could reach it”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority“the lower federal courts have, almost without exception, extended the coverage of the statute to religious groups [citations],”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.