Lawson v. Kolender’s Empirical Analysis
658 F.2d 1362 · 1981
Citation profile
21 federal appellate · 2 district · 3 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 40 later decisions (2 by the Supreme Court) — most recently August 2022 · most notably Kolender v. Lawson (1983), Albright v. Rodriguez (1995)
21 federal appellate · 2 district · 3 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Appellate journey
Relationships
Relies on Terry v. Ohio · Adams v. Williams · Stone v. Powell · Dunaway v. New York · Pennsylvania v. Mimms
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 40 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“the statutes bootstrap the authority to arrest on less than probable cause, and [because] the serious intrusion on personal security outweighs the mere possibility that identification may provide a link leading to arrest.”
5 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“a person who is stopped on less than probable cause cannot be punished for failing to identify himself.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“Personal liberty, which is guaranteed to every citizen under our constitution and laws, consists of the right of locomotion, to go where one pleases, and when, and to do that which may lead to one’s business or pleasure, only so far restrained as the rights of others may make it necessary for the welfare of all other citizens. One may travel along the pub- lie highways or in public places; and while conducting themselves in a decent and orderly manner, disturbing no other, and interfering with the rights of no other citizens, there, they will be protected under the law, not only their persons, but in their safe conduct. The constitution and the laws are framed for the public good, and the protection of all citizens from the highest to the lowest; and no one may be restrained of his liberty, unless he has transgressed some law.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the dissente.g. Moreno v. Baca
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.