Underwood v. State’s Empirical Analysis
1983
Citation profile
2 federal appellate · 12 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 14 later decisions — most recently October 2010
2 federal appellate · 12 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Rakas v. Illinois · Sandstrom v. Montana · County Court of Ulster Cty. v. Allen · United States v. Salvucci · Oxendine v. State
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 14 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“'reasonable doubt' is self-explanatory, and ... definitions thereof do not clarify the meaning of the phrase, but rather tend to confuse the jury”
1 later decision quote this exact passage“lilt is error for the trial court or the prosecutor to attempt to define reasonable doubt to the jury”
1 later decision quote this exact passage
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.