Alexander v. Holden’s Empirical Analysis
66 F.3d 62 · 1995
Citation profile
13 federal appellate · 6 district · 4 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 36 later decisions — most recently June 2022 · most notably Bryant v. CEO DeKalb Co. (2009), Luis Acevedo-Garcia et al. v. Roberto Vera-Monroig et al. (2000)
13 federal appellate · 6 district · 4 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 42 U.S.C. § 1981 (Civil Rights Act of 1866)
Relies on Leatherman v. Tarrant County Narcotics Intelligence and Coordination Unit · Owen v. City of Independence · Tenney v. Brandhove · Forrester v. White · Gravel v. United States
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 36 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“[U]nder this test, the key inquiry involves making a distinction between general and specific actions. If the underlying facts relate to particular individuals or situations and the decision impacts specific individuals or singles out specifiable individuals, the decision is administrative. On the other hand, the action is legislative if the facts involve generalizations concerning a policy or state of affairs and the establishment of a general policy affecting the larger population.”
4 later decisions quote this exact passage“have an effect on employment by either creating or eliminating positions or by raising or lowering salaries. This reality, however, does not transform a uniquely legislative function into an administrative one.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage“Under Forrester v. White, the functions of the [Brunswick County] commissioners determine whether their actions are legislative or administrative for purposes of immunity.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.