United States v. Johnson’s Empirical Analysis
660 F.2d 21 · 1981
Citation profile
13 federal appellate · 5 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 25 later decisions — most recently February 2010 · most notably United States v. Young (1984), 102 Ohio App. 3d 585 - State v. Carlson (1995)
13 federal appellate · 5 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Bullock v. United States · Doe v. Renfrow · United States v. Bronstein · United States v. Goldstein · United States v. John Manuel Solis
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 25 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“[Ajppellant’s argument with respect to the problem of a dog detecting only the residual odors as opposed to the drugs themselves misconstrues the probable cause requirement. Absolute certainty is not required by the Fourth Amendment. What is required is a reasonable belief that a crime has been or is being committed.”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.