United States v. Winter’s Empirical Analysis
663 F.2d 1120 · 1981
Citation profile
164 federal appellate · 25 district · 18 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 236 later decisions (5 by the Supreme Court) — most recently September 2022 · most notably Salinas v. United States (1997), Connecticut v. Johnson (1983)
164 federal appellate · 25 district · 18 state decisions — followed in 13 states
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Chapman v. State of California · Franks v. Delaware · Morissette v. United States · Sandstrom v. Montana · United States v. Turkette
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 236 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“It shall be unlawful for any person employed by or associated with any enterprise engaged in, or the activities of which affect, interstate or foreign commerce, to conduct or participate, directly or indirectly, in the conduct of such enterprise's affairs through a pattern of racketeering activity or collection of unlawful debt.”
4 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“[W]ithdrawal of a portion of the indictment that the evidence does not support is not an impermissible amendment, 'provided nothing is thereby added to the indictment, and that the remaining allegations charge an offense.'”
4 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“An indictment may not be amended except by resubmission to the grand jury, unless the change is merely a matter of form,”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.