Payne v. Smith’s Empirical Analysis
667 F.2d 541 · 1981
Citation profile
26 federal appellate · 1 district ·
How this case has been cited
Cited by 38 later decisions — most recently July 2008 · most notably United States v. Christian (1986), United States v. Moreno (1991)
26 federal appellate · 1 district ·
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Chapman v. State of California · Ohio Bureau of Employment Services v. Hodory · Harrington v. California · Estelle v. Williams · Rideout v. United States
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 38 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“Although security measures may deprive a defendant of some of the physical indicia of innocence, generally 'the degree of security exercised over the person of the defendant is within the trial judge's discretion.'”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority“[t]he conditions under which defendants were seen were routine security measures rather than situations of unusual restraint such as shackling of defendants during trial.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.