Public Citizen Health Research Group, v. Department of Health, Education & Welfare’s Empirical Analysis
668 F.2d 537 · 1981
Citation profile
14 federal appellate · 7 district · 8 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 45 later decisions — most recently March 2019 · most notably Public Citizen Health Research Group v. Food & Drug Administration (1983), Burch v. Pioneer Credit Recovery, Inc. (2008)
14 federal appellate · 7 district · 8 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on United States v. Orleans · Dann v. Johnston · Forsham v. Harris · Buchanan Et Al. v. Evans Et Al. · Washington Research Project, Inc. v. Department of Health, Education & Welfare
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 45 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“agency” as defined in section 551(1) ... includes any executive department, military department, Government corporation, Government controlled corporation, or other establishment in the executive branch of the Government (including the Executive Office of the President), or any independent regulatory agency.' 5 U.S.C. § 552 (e) (1976).”). . Similarly, other state courts have applied their respective FOIA’s”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“In general terms, PSROs review health care services, furnished to individuals; collect and analyze patient, practitioner, and provider data; develop local norms of care; conduct various educational activities; and report practitioners and providers who violate certain statutory obligations. 42 U.S.C. §§ 1320c-4, 1320c-6, 1320c-9 (1976). In reviewing health care services rendered by or in institutions for which payment may be made under the Medicare and Medicaid programs, PSROs determine: (1) whether the services are or were medically necessary; (2) whether the quality of services meets professionally recognized standards of health care; and (3) whether the services could have been more appropriately rendered in another less expensive manner. 42 U.S.C. § 1320c-4(a)(l) (1976). The standards governing PSRO review are the professionally developed norms of care, diagnosis or treatment typical of practice in the particular region. 42 U.S.C. § 1320c-5(a) (1976).”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority“[A]ny definition [of the term agency] can be of only limited utility to a court confronted with one of the myriad organizational arrangements for -getting- the- business of the government done... The unavoidable fact is that each new arrangement must be examined anew and in its own context.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.