Grunwald v. Bornfreund’s Empirical Analysis
1987
Citation profile
2 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 19 later decisions — most recently February 2005
2 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 18 U.S.C. § 1962 (§ 901 of the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act)
Relies on United States v. Turkette · Dames & Moore v. Regan · Luce v. Edelstein · Seville Industrial Machinery Corp. v. Southmost Machinery Corp. · Fed. Sec. L. Rep. P 94,853 John Schlick v. Penn-Dixie Cement Corporation
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 19 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“In all averments of fraud or mistake, the circumstances constituting fraud or mistake, shall be stated with particularity. Malice, intent, knowledge, and other conditions of mind of a person may be averred generally.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority“pleading requirements may be relaxed when the information is exclusively within the defendant's knowledge as long as the factual basis for allegations based upon information and belief are adequately set forth”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.