¶1When this cause was tried before the jury, there was a great conflict in the evidence, and *412sufficient evidence was produced by the plaintiff, if credited, independent of the witness Taylor, to support a verdict in favor of the plaintiff.
¶2The evidence given by Taylor was very material and important. The defendant, upon his oath, disputed the evidence of Taylor. The principal parts of the affidavits produced upon the motion disclose certain admissions of Taylor inconsistent with the evidence given by him upon the stand as a witness.
¶3It is too well settled to admit of doubt, that newly discovered evidence which goes to discredit a witness is not a ground for a new trial. (3 John., 255. 4 id., 425. 2 Denio, 109. 7 Barb., 271. 11 id., 215. 10 How. Pr., 297.)
¶4Here, as in the case of Harrington v. Bigelow, (2 Denio, 109,) the newly discovered evidence is only material or admissible to contradict the evidence of the witness, and to render him unworthy of confidence. In Meakim v. Anderson, (11 Barb., 223,) King, J., says: “ The testimony which he claims to have discovered since the trial is that of his own son and daughter, and only tends to impeach Thom pson’s statement that he had never seen his sister after his paying the money to the plaintiff. It is testimony, therefore, to impeach the witness ; and such testimony does not furnish the ground for a new trial.”
¶5The learned counsel for the defendant pressed upon the attention of the court, very ingeniously, the case of Oakley v. Bears, (1 Robert., 73.) The question litigated there was in reference to the knowledge with which the plaintiff took a check. It became a very material point in the case, in behalf of the defendant, to show that the plaintiff was not a bona fide holder for value, without actual knowledge that the check was given for an accommodation conditionally. The court very properly held that the “declarations of the plaintiff that he knew the check was so made and was to be so used, are competent *413evidence to establish the same fact, and is none the less evidence in chief because it may tend to impeach.”
¶6It therefore appears that the case is no exception to the general rule laid down and sustained by the other cases already cited.
¶7In the case of Duryee v. Dennison, (5 John., 349,) the witness had made statements inconsistent with his evidence ; and Kent, Cb. J., delivered an opinion to the effect “that it would be productive of the most dangerous consequences if a verdict should be set aside because a witness had made a mistake in giving his evidence.” In that case the witness, by his conversations, showed that his evidence was not accurately given. It was a case where the attempt was to impeach the testimony given; not the general character of the witness; and it failed. The case is approved in 5 Cowen, 123, and the principle applied in Powell v. Jones, (42 Barb., 24.)
¶8The case of Tyler v. Hornbeck, (48 Barb., 197,) is in harmony with the other cases; for the court there rested its decision upon the surprise produced by the violation of a/n agreement not to call a certain witness.
¶9In Simmons v. Fay, (1 E. D. Smith, 107,) the court held that the new evidence in respect to what the full conversations were in which the alleged false representations were made was good ground fór a new trial; especially as the witness who testified at the trial said “he did not remember the whole talk had.” The case is not in point here, and does not reach the question involved in this motion.
¶10Nor does the case of Ouyott v. Butts (4 Wend., 579,) aid the defendant. It was there held that, in ordinary cases, a new trial would not be granted to let in admissions of parties ; and Marcy, J., says, the chief reasons for granting a new trial in that case were that the action was upon a stale demand, and against executors, and the new proof was of a distinct and independent character from that given upon the trial.
¶11This motion is addressed to the discretion of the court, but the discretion to be exercised must be guided and governed by legal principles, and controlled by the established authorities. (34 Barb., 294.)
¶12The defendant has had two trials; and in the last one, a full investigation of the evidence, circumstantial and secondary, as well as the direct and positive, led the jury to the side of the plaintiff.
¶13It is true that the verdict is against the defence attempted, and in disregard of the positive denial of the genuineness of the note, by the defendant as a witness ; but it must be borne in mind that the positive and direct testimony of the witness Stacy supports the verdict, as do also some of the circumstances surrounding the note, and the opinions of the witnesses who were called to establish the genuineness of the defendant’s signature to the note upon which the verdict is predicated.
¶14To meet this motion, the plaintiff produced the affidavit of Taylor, and that is also entitled to some consideration in determining the questions raised by the affidavits produced by the defendant.
¶15Considering all the evidence produced at the trial, and the affidavits read upon this motion, 'the court is not able to reach the conclusion that the ends of justice, and the rules of law applicable to the questions presented, require a new and further trial.
¶16The motion is denied, with costs.
¶17Hardin, Justice.]