State v. Tookes’s Empirical Analysis
1985
Citation profile
3 federal appellate · 28 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 33 later decisions — most recently December 2024 · most notably United States v. Simpson (1987), Baehr v. Lewin (1993)
3 federal appellate · 28 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Village of Arlington Heights v. Metropolitan Housing Development Corp. · Washington v. Davis · Rochin v. People of California · United States v. Russell · Hampton v. United States
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 33 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“The burden of proving discriminatory enforcement of the law rests upon the party raising the defense. That party must present sufficient evidence to establish the existence of intentional or purposeful discrimination, that is “deliberately based upon an unjustifiable standard such as race, religion or other arbitrary classification.” It is insufficient to show merely that other offenders have not been prosecuted, or that there has been laxity of enforcement, or that there has been some conscious selectivity in prosecution. Recognition of the defense will not permit the guilty to go free simply by showing that other violators exist.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majoritye.g. Mahiai v. Suwa“A mere solicitation of criminal activity by the police is not a sufficient inducement.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majoritye.g. State v. Kahalewai
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.