United States v. Ek’s Empirical Analysis
676 F.2d 379 · 1982
Citation profile
36 federal appellate · 2 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 45 later decisions (1 by the Supreme Court) — most recently April 2014 · most notably United States v. Montoya De Hernandez (1985), Thompson v. City of Los Angeles (1989)
36 federal appellate · 2 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Aguilar v. Texas · Spinelli v. United States · Dunaway v. New York · Atlantic Richfield Co. v. Newman Oil Co. · United States v. Perez-Esparza
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 45 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
““We hold that the stricter standard required for a body cavity search also applies to an X-ray search. An X-ray search, although perhaps not so humiliating as a strip search, nevertheless is more intrusive since the search is potentially harmful to the health of the suspect. It goes beyond the passive inspection of body surfaces. We think that the use of such medical procedures should be restricted to situations where there is a clear indication that the suspect is concealing contraband within his body.””
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“As a search becomes more intrusive, it must be justified by a correspondingly higher level of suspicion of wrongdoing.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.