United States v. Raper’s Empirical Analysis
676 F.2d 841 · 1982
Citation profile
118 federal appellate · 10 district · 29 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 180 later decisions — most recently December 2015 · most notably United States v. Moore (1990), State v. Simino (1986)
118 federal appellate · 10 district · 29 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Ohio Bureau of Employment Services v. Hodory · Hamling v. United States · Nye & Nissen v. United States · McGautha v. California · Jones v. Nor-Tex Agencies, Inc.
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 180 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“(1) the specific intent to facilitate the commission of a crime by another; (2) guilty knowledge on the part of the accused; (3) that an offense was being committed by someone; and (4) that the accused assisted or participated in the commission of the offense.”
11 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“Whoever commits an offense against the United States or aids, abets, counsels, commands, induces or procures its commission, is punishable as a principal.”
6 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“It ... is unnecessary to show that the accused had the drug on his person or within his immediate reach, it is enough that he 'was knowingly in a position or had the right to exercise dominion and control over' it, either directly, or through others. Possession in that sense suffices though it is jointly shared, and it may be established by circumstantial as well as direct evidence.”
5 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.