Ponce v. Billington’s Empirical Analysis
679 F.3d 840 · 2012
Citation profile
5 federal appellate · 16 district ·
Relationships
Applies 42 U.S.C. § 2000E (§ 701 of the Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964) · 42 U.S.C. § 2000E (§ 717 of the Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964) · 42 U.S.C. § 2000E (§ 703 of the Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964) · 42 U.S.C. § 2000E (§ 706 of the Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964)
Relies on McDonnell Douglas Corp. v. Green · Price Waterhouse v. Hopkins · McDonald v. Santa Fe Trail Transportation Co. · Brady v. Office of the Sergeant at Arms · Stevens v. Department of Treasury
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 27 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“standard, a plaintiff need not prove that unlawful discrimination was the determinative factor, or but-for cause, of the adverse employment action; rather, she can prevail on a lesser showing that discriminatory animus was merely a motivating factor for the adverse action. Id. Importantly, however, in a mixed-motive case, if the defendant demonstrates that it”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majoritye.g. Mayorga v. Merdon · Banks v. Perdue“[a]ll personnel actions affecting employees or applicants for employment” in the federal government “shall be made free from any discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin.” 42 U.S.C. § 2000e-16(a).”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“then the relief available to the plaintiff is limited to declaratory relief, certain injunctive relief, and certain fees and costs. Id. (quoting 42 U.S.C. § 2000e-5(g)(2)(B) ). Thus, in the mixed-motive context, a defendant can avoid an award of money damages by showing it would have taken the adverse action against the employee for a nondiscriminatory reason. Although the”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majoritye.g. Banks v. Perdue
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.