Lowe v. Mills’s Empirical Analysis
2023
Citation profile
6 district ·
Appellate journey
reviewedthe decision below (from Maine District Court)
Relationships
Applies 42 U.S.C. § 12112 (§ 102 of the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990) · 42 U.S.C. § 1985 · 42 U.S.C. § 2000E (§ 701 of the Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964) · 42 U.S.C. § 2000E (§ 703 of the Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964) · 42 U.S.C. § 2000E (§ 708 of the Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964)
Relies on Ashcroft v. Iqbal · Employment Division Department of Human Resources of Oregon v. L Smith · Trans World Airlines, Inc. v. Hardison · California Federal Savings & Loan Ass'n v. Guerra · Rodi v. Southern New England School of Law
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 16 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“must make [a] prima facie case that a bona fide religious practice conflicts - 8 - with an employment requirement and was the reason for the adverse employment action.”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the dissent“[T]he burden then shifts to the employer to show that it offered a reasonable accommodation or, if it did not offer an accommodation, that doing so would have resulted in undue hardship.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the dissent“if the facts establishing the defense are - 18 - clear on the face of the plaintiffs' pleadings and there is no doubt that the plaintiffs' claims are barred.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the dissent
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.